‘These are’; to exclude from Rabbi Eliezer who holds one liable for a Tuldoh in the place of an Ahv - הרי אלו לאפוקי מדרבי אליעזר דמחייב אתולדה במקום אב
Summary:
We can interpret the משנה of העושה מלאכות הרבה וכולי to mean he did many תולדות of one אב, therefore our משנה teaches that even when transgressing an אב and its תולדה, he is still only חייב one חטאת.
‘Less one’; to exclude from Rabi Yehudoh - חסר אחת לאפוקי מדרבי יהודה
Summary:
Occasionally, even when the word אלו or a number is mentioned the תנא may not list all the items if they are somewhat different from the entire grouping.
This is not according to Rabi Shimon - הא דלא כרבי שמעון
Summary:
ר"ש maintains that anything which is דרכו להצניע, only those people for whom this amount is significant are חייב but not for עשירים. All agree that if one was מצניע, he is חייב בכ"ש regardless.