But now; Yom Kippurim, which occurs on a Monday, etc. - אלא מעתה יום הכפורים שחל להיות בשני כולי
Summary:
On ערב יו"כ people eat (fish and) fowl and therefore there is the concern of שמא ישחוט בן עוף; however by the ד' פרקים they eat animal meat, where there is no concern of שמא ישחוט בהמה.
If so, a widow should also be נבעלת on Thursday - אי הכי אלמנה נמי תיבעל בחמישי
Summary:
The question that an אלמנה should be נבעלת on Thursday like a בתולה is valid only if we assume that the only reason a בתולה is נבעלת on Thursday is because of ברכה; otherwise the concept of ברכה לדגים is insufficient to be נבעלת then.
Or it is also because the Chachomim persevered - אי נמי משום שקדו
Summary:
The תקנה of שקדו for the אלמנה was well known (from other sources) and our ברייתא had no need to mention it, it mentioned ברכה לאדם, to explain why we are not concerned for ברכה לדגים.
What difference is there between Brocho and Shokdu - מאי איכא בין ברכה לשקדו
Summary:
The question of מאי איכא is either why do we need the reason of ברכה, or what is the difference between the two answers of the גמרא. The חכמים would never enact a תקנה on the basis of ברכה alone.